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computational thinking
Computational Thinking (CT) is a process that generalizes a solution to open ended problems. Open-ended problems encourage full, meaningful answers based on multiple variables, which require using decomposition, data representation, generalization, modeling, and algorithms found in Computational Thinking. Computational Thinking requires the decomposition of the entire decision making process, the variables involved, and all possible solutions, ensuring that the right decision is made based on the corresponding parameters and limitations of the problem. The term ''computational thinking'' was first used by Seymour Papert in 1980〔Papert, Seymour. Mindstorms: Children, computers, and powerful ideas. Basic Books, Inc., 1980.〕 and again in 1996. Computational thinking can be used to algorithmically solve complicated problems of scale, and is often used to realize large improvements in efficiency.〔(Center for Computational thinking at Carnegie Mellon ) cmu.edu〕〔(Exploring Computational Thinking ), Google.com〕〔, TED talk 2010-11-15〕〔(What is Computational Thinking? CS4FN ) at CS4FN〕〔(The Sacramento Regional CPATH Team has created a Think CT website with information on CT developed by this NSF-funded project. )〕〔(A short introduction to Computational Thinking by the Open University )〕
==Overview==
The characteristics that define computational thinking are decomposition, pattern recognition / data representation, generalization/abstraction, and algorithms.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/zp92mp3/ )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.google.com/edu/resources/programs/exploring-computational-thinking/ )〕 By decomposing a problem, identifying the variables involved using data representation, and creating an algorithms the result is a generic solution. The generic solution is a generalization or abstraction that can be used to solve a multitude of variations of the initial problem.
The phrase ''computational thinking'' was brought to the forefront of the computer science community as a result of an ACM Communications article on the subject by Jeannette Wing. The article suggested that thinking computationally was a fundamental skill for everyone, not just computer scientists, and argued for the importance of integrating computational ideas into other disciplines.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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